Showing posts with label urban. Show all posts
Showing posts with label urban. Show all posts

America's Undeclared War: What's Killing Our Cities and How We Can Stop It Review

America's Undeclared War: What's Killing Our Cities and How We Can Stop It
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America's Undeclared War: What's Killing Our Cities and How We Can Stop It ReviewFirst a fair warning to readers. Any author who is called an "iconoclast" by his or her publisher will feel obliged to live up to the billing. So it is here with Daniel Lazare in AMERICA'S UNDECLARED WAR. The title alone should give an indication that he's ready for battle. He uses some heavy caliber firepower, when in ascribing blame for the demise of cities and the concomitant growth in the "culturally impoverished" suburbs, he says the following about the government. "The American system of limited government and fragmented political power allowed suburban communities to turn themselves into middle-class redoubts whose raison d'etre was to screen out blacks, Jews and anyone else deemed harmful to the municipal bottom line, while at the same time rendering cities powerless to fight back."
Criticizing the government though does not make one an iconoclast; it's taken as a duty, whatever your political perspective. Conservatives are critical of the Great Society social welfare programs of the 1960's which they say fostered dependency, bred crime, and raised expenses; liberals blame the same government for massive highway construction, subsidized home mortage loans, and promoting the automobile, all of which spurred suburban growth.
Where Mr Lazare starts to live up to his billing as an iconoclast is in the vehemence with which he slams suburbia and with whom he blames for the origins of what he calls our "anti-urban bias". He says the decline of cities "was not urban decay but a form of urban manslaughter in which a wide array of social policies came together in such a way as to reduce one city after another literally to rubble. A combination of federal tax breaks and direct government outlays fueled suburban development at the expense of the cities." Who was to blame? Try our founding fathers whom Mr Lazare calls "a group of provincial politicians"; specifically Thomas Jefferson who developed a "concept of democracy as something intrinsically anti-urban."
The irony is that it is in the sections of the book where he is blasting away at the historical figures of the past - from Jefferson through to FDR - that he is also most interesting and comes up with a very original thesis. Mr Lazare states that there were two early settlement patters in colonial America that reflected city values. The close knit settlements of New England reflected the Puritan values of "Christianity not as a faith of lonely believers wandering in the desert but as a highly social religion revolving around the congregation and community." Also in Pennsylvania where practical considerations made for crowded waterfront developments. In contrast, Virginia with its irregular shoreline with many small inlets only helped to reinforce the anti-urban political culture characteristic of the "royalist Cavaliers" who settled there in small, scattered settlements dominated by plantations.
Where Mr Lazare sticks to developing on this theme and tying this historical bias to technological developments such as the automobile, his book is original and very readable. When he attacks traditions and institutions simply for the sake of being critical, the book comes across as contrived.America's Undeclared War: What's Killing Our Cities and How We Can Stop It Overview

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El Monstruo: Dread and Redemption in Mexico City Review

El Monstruo: Dread and Redemption in Mexico City
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El Monstruo: Dread and Redemption in Mexico City ReviewJohn Ross, the venerable veterano of US expatriate writers in Mexico City has written a very readable history of Mexico City -- "El Monstruo" -- from the pre-Columbian era to the present day. Ross himself has lived in El Centro -- the heart of the city -- since the earthquake of 1985 and in the past quarter-century has been an eyewitness to some very remarkable events. Among these have been two stolen presidential elections, a devastating earthquake, the awakening of civil society among the masses and other major and minor upheavals in the political sphere. He has witnessed the day-to-day struggle of the average person in the city and surrounding areas, knows them well and can discuss their situations with passion and empathy -- and with good humor all at once.
Some other reviewers have noted slight inaccuracies, but all told, and while I agree they exist and that his editor should have caught them, I don't think they take much away from this book. In his words, Ross takes you there -- whether it's in the midst of the Revolution of 1810, or the revolutionary chaos of first quarter of the 20th Century, to the immense protests in the Zocalo subsequent to the election fraud of the 2006 presidential election. He almost seems to have been an eyewitness to these events and it makes for page-turning reading.
One thing that Ross's book shows is the incredible, unrelenting violence in the city -- and the country at large -- resulting from extreme class inequalities and the corruption that these inequities have fomented. I find it remarkable that the Mexican people continue to persevere -- even when they know from bitter, first-hand experience that the deck is stacked against them. You gotta have a sense of humor to live in that giant city -- and a whole lotta soul, too.
And speaking of corruption? People in the US, who think that the government is broken and can't get anything done? That think our politicians are crooks will have their eyes opened wide to what corruption and injustice really look like. Ross gets into this aspect in great detail.
Also, Ross discusses the extreme environmental situation in the Mexico City metro area. This is a city that's probably the most dangerous to your health in the world in terms of environmental degradation. And there's the distinct possibility that this immense metro area of 30 million-plus people could actually run out of water -- adds to the living on the environmental edge aspects of this place.
I'd love to see a documentary film or PBS-type television series based on this book. A project such as this would really help folks on the US side to better understand how and why Mexico is what it is.
For all the above reasons and more, I recommend this book for anyone to read who wants/needs a basic, but never boring, background on the history and people of Mexico City. Use it as a point of departure for further research into the details of this amazing city. Five stars.El Monstruo: Dread and Redemption in Mexico City Overview

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Green Roof Systems : A Guide to the Planning, Design and Construction of Building Over Structure Review

Green Roof Systems : A Guide to the Planning, Design and Construction of Building Over Structure
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Green Roof Systems : A Guide to the Planning, Design and Construction of Building Over Structure ReviewFinally, a complete and comprehensive guide to planning, designing AND constructing green roofs, A to Z. Most books on the topic of green roofs only offer case studies or explain the reasons why we need green roofs, but not the nuts and bolts. This book gives you all of the tools required from understanding the planning involved up front down to the technical details of design loads for trees and selection of waterproofing systems. As a landscape architect, this is one reference I find valuable for any project over structure.Green Roof Systems : A Guide to the Planning, Design and Construction of Building Over Structure Overview

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The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community Review

The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community
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The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community ReviewIn the first half of the 1990s, this book culminated the beginning of the most influential postwar stream of thought about American cities and city life, New Urbanism. It was intended to be the coffee-table conversation starter for suburban yups feeling just uncomfortable enough with their time-stressed lives to admit that, yes, their street is bleak, their house a cartoon, their strip-malled "planned community" a joke.
By starting the national conversation, the book has succeeded spectacularly, and continues to serve the purpose. With solid, workmanlike graphic design, it shows the way forward by depicting and decoding a handful of places both designed and built as successful alternatives to suburban sprawl.
Behind the scenes, the book became the flagpole around which a genuinely new intellectual movement rallied. At the time of publication, several of these projects were just on the drawing board. Today, only a few years later, over 150 such projects are blooming nationwide. New Urbanism today is the organizing question in the serious architecture and planning schools, in the development community, and in land-use "smart growth" politics. Developers are either running scared of it, or ripping it off, or putting big money into it. New Urbanism is a powerful set of ideas, and you can find them all here. This is the book that focused the disparate efforts of a score of highly talented, individualistic practitioners into a coherent beam. This is the book with the irrefutable visual argument in favor of building good places to live.
It is good, then, that the book's examples have been outrun. The book appears now almost quaint to those who, on the front lines of the land-use wars, have internalized New Urbanism's basic principles. The book is silent on, for example, the practical, tough, messy, political imperatives needed to reverse a half-century of mad sprawl. Reading "The New Urbanism", one would conclude that healthy places to live are bestowed as if by magic from the brow of one or another luminary planner. A second edition, incorporating successes and lessons learned, will be needed soon. The Playa Vista example in particular appears likely to vanish embarrassingly from the drawing board into the thin air where good ideas go.
However, the basic visual argument remains solid, almost timeless. I use the book constantly to introduce new allies to the cause and to silence critics. I recommend it to anybody interested in America's lousy excuses for cities, which are, after all, our civilization itself.The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community Overview

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Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature Review

Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature
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Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature ReviewThank god for the current trend toward the generalization of textbooks.
I don't mean generalization in the sense of broadening or watering-down of subject matter, but rather in writing: many more texts in relatively technical fields are being written so that they can be appreciated interdisciplinarily, but professionals in related and sometimes even slightly-unrelated fields, and other folks who may simply be interested in the topic. It's good marketing, too, of course - it opens up much larger markets both academically and professionally, and as long as the book contains enough authority to convince instructors and professionals to purchase (or trust) it, it's a win-win situation for the publisher and author as well as the audience.
Douglas Farr's Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature (Wiley, 2008; foreword by Andres Duany) falls into the category of win-win for everyone. A very well-illustrated primer on the subject, it appeals to planners, architects, landscape designers, engineers and other folks interested in integrating their work into the larger natural environment.
Duany - the great architect and urban planner whose work with Arquitectonica shaped what we think of as "Florida modern" and whose current firm, DPZ, has become a de facto leader of the New Urbanism movement - suggests that the problem with such books is often that they most often fail to engage the reader in any kind of dialogue by simply being too technical, or by failing to instruct by simply being too exhortative and dogmatic. Luckily, Farr gives more than enough data and instruction in the dozen linked essays and case studies to instruct - but never loses sight of the fact that he's along with us for the ride, not talking at us but at our elbow, learning along with us, sharing both successes and failures and an honest interest in building communities that complement, rather than exclude, the unmanufactured world.
There's so much more here than just part one's "Case for Sustainable Urbanism." Other sections focus on the type of leadership and communication strategies most helpful in implementing both small and large-scale projects; technical tools and special techniques for community involvement are also explored extensively. Other chapters discuss the role of density, how to approach corridor situations, diagramming neighborhoods and the various types of housing that complement specific types of neighborhoods, "biophilia" - including everything from designing walkable streets to integrating wastewater management - and extensive essays on high-performance buildings and infrastructure. The last section of the book is given over to case studies, which both illustrate the preceding chapters with easy-to-understand real-world examples of sustainable success stories & offer solutions for those of us slogging through similar projects or at an impasse with a particular audience.
I recommend the book without hesitation to any planner interested in integrating sustainable projects in urban infill or exurban growth environments, as well as other aficionados of new urbanism topics. It's an entertaining read AND a necessary reference; it will replace several books on the already-overloaded shelves of a number of planners I know.Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature Overview

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The High Cost of Free Parking Review

The High Cost of Free Parking
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The High Cost of Free Parking ReviewThis book is a detailed analysis of parking problems and their solution. Shoup zeroes in on the reason for such problems: we assume that parking should be free. Shoup points out that if we decided that gasoline should be free, the result we would expect would be obvious: people would drive too much, shortages of gasoline would develop, fights would break out over scarce gas, and governments would go broke trying to pay for it all. Shoup shows that parking is no different. Providing free parking leads to overuse, shortages, and conflicts over parking. Cash-strapped local governments and neighborhoods lose out, too. Free parking is like a fertility drug for cars. Many people don't realize how much of the high price of housing is due to requirements by local governments that a certain number of parking spaces must be provided. These costs are paid by everyone, including those who don't own a car.
I agree with Shoup that free parking is the great blind spot of American local politics. I recall vividly a couple of years ago I was attending a church service when it was suddenly interrupted by a person from the neighborhood, screaming that churchgoers had used all the parking spaces in front of his house AGAIN. I could understand why he was upset, because Sunday mornings did cause a serious parking shortage in the streets around the church. Shoup shows how to solve such difficulties: instead of putting in burdensome regulations about who can park where and when, just charge the market price for parking spaces, and make sure most or all of the money goes to the local neighborhood for improved public services. A high price for parking spaces on Sunday would have led churchgoers to find other options, like walking or carpooling. The church's neighbors would benefit from the money, and anyone who really needed a parking space would be able to find one, including on Sunday mornings.
As Shoup admits, nobody likes having to pay for a parking space. But which would you prefer: parking free, or spending a couple of bucks a day for parking and being able to afford to live 10 or 15 miles closer to work? Parking lots are not only ugly, they also consume vast amounts of land, much of which could be put to better uses. One of the great parts of the book is that Shoup discusses exactly how to go about developing political support for putting in parking meters and other methods of paying for parking. Parking technology has come a long way in recent decades, so that payment doesn't have to be inconvenient. Businesses are often afraid that parking meters will drive away customers. Shoup shows that isn't so, and provides several case studies of business districts and neighborhoods that have started charging for parking. What these places find is that their business actually increases, because people no longer have to waste time cruising the neighborhood looking for a parking space. Local governments' tax revenues increase, because valuable land is being used for revenue-producing activities instead of wasted on excess parking lots. Removing parking requirements also makes it much easier to renovate old buildings, which revitalizes neighborhoods.
I was stunned to find out that in some neighborhoods up to 90% of the traffic has been found to be people cruising around looking for a place to park. Shoup shows how charging the right price for parking according to local demand can get rid of this problem. Bus service benefits, too, because the buses don't have to sit in traffic jams and can arrive at their stops on time.
The book does get a little too academic for general readers in spots. There are equations in a few of the chapters. However, the book is too good to let that stop you. Just skip the equations; they aren't necessary to understanding Shoup's points.
I wish I could send a copy of this book to every local government official within 20 miles of where I live. Maybe then the bus service would be better, and when I really needed a parking space I would be able to find one.The High Cost of Free Parking Overview

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